Reconsidering
the Short Story
I have never been much of
a short story reader; it’s a form that I – and I think most people – associate
with middle and high school English classes, a form that is ideal for quickly
teaching plot, characterization and irony, but not something readers outside of
school, well, read. Who doesn’t remember O. Henry’s “The Ransom of Red Chief”,
“The Gift of the Magi” and
Ray Bradbury’s “The Sound of Thunder”?
In recent years, however,
I have changed my mind.
Ironically, or not, my rediscovery of the short story did happen in a
classroom. A few years ago my
colleague and I, teaching senior IB English, decided to reconsider the novels
we were asking students to read in the spring, novels that, if we were lucky,
50% might finish, the rest having succumbed to senioritis. We decided to end the semester with
short stories, pairing pieces from South African writer Nadine Gordimer’s Jump and Other Stories with
selections from Nigerian Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s The Thing Around Your Neck. The buy-in for reading skyrocketed as
students could all power through 5 to 10 page stories that could be read in one
sitting and, even more exciting, the resulting discussions were rich and
wide-ranging. An added bonus: as an adult reader, aside from my role
as teacher, I found most of the stories complex and interesting and looked
forward to reading and discussing them.
Adichie’s stories are set both in Nigeria and in the United States and
many focus on characters who are seeking to clarify their own identity while
struggling to overcome stereotypes and judgments of others. Her manipulation of narrative, her
imagery and her deft handling of communication between characters makes her
stories masterful. “Jumping Monkey
Hill,” one of my favorites in the
collection, is about a small group of African writers who gather for a writer’s
retreat sponsored by a British society and organized by a Brit, Edward. Stereotypes abound as Edward treats the
writers as “Africans” and proceeds to tell them that what they write about
doesn’t sound African enough.
Gordimer, a white South
African, confronts race relations in a variety of ways and her use of symbolism
is powerful. A student favorite in the Gordimer collection, “Some Are Born to
Sweet Delight,” is about a family that lets a room to a foreigner whose home
country is never named, but context clues suggest that he is from the Middle
East. The daughter in the family
falls for him and is so in love with love that she (and often the reader)
ignore some very important details. . .
“The Ultimate Safari” is the heart-breaking story of refugees who must
travel across a game park filled with wild animals like lions to reach a safe
camp. They pass by white
vacationers who are staying in luxury, there for a safari.
Yet another classroom
activity that drew me into short stories, albeit a different kind, was a
fiction-writing unit I taught at the end of last year. In search of short examples for short
original pieces, I discovered Flash Fiction: 72 Very Short Stories, edited by Thomas, Thomas and
Hazuka. The concept, as explained
in the book’s introduction, is to write a complete short story that will fit on
two facing pages so that the reading is not interrupted by the turning of the
page. Most of the stories in the
collection are around 750 words. The
stories are typically first or third person and limited to one or two
characters. Out of necessity, they
jump right into the moment without an exposition and most have a surprise
ending. While I intended to read only
enough to find three or four good examples for students, I found myself reading
the whole book. Most of the
stories are quite good and it was too easy to think, “Oh, I will just read one
more.” One of my favorite stories
was “Deportation at Breakfast” by Larry Fondation. A guy goes into a diner and orders breakfast. While he is waiting, the Hispanic man
who is cooking and running the place is arrested by the immigration
police. The narrator is hungry and
senses his eggs are going to burn, so he gets up and finishes cooking his
breakfast. While he is behind the
counter, other customers come in, assume that he works there, and order
breakfast. The story ends with him
contemplating hiring extra help. In
addition to being fun to read, I found the stories also inspired me to write
flash fiction.
Here are a few other
short story collections that I have read in recent years and definitely
recommend:
Redeployment by Phil Klay
Winner of the National
Book Award, this collection of related stories is reminiscent of Tim O’Brien’s All the Things They Carried in its focus
on individual soldiers and the aftermath of war. The opening line of one story is, “Success was a matter of
perspective. In Iraq it had to
be.” This reflects what Klay does
so well in this book – showing a variety of perspectives, none of which
reflects that the American involvement in Iraq was positive. Each story assumes the voice of a
different person involved the war.
Often the narrators are soldiers, but one of the best stories channels a
civilian contractor who naively believes that he can make big changes. Klay’s
un-PC point of view is very effective.
A veteran in a bar tells a guy he meets there about a particularly
harrowing war experience. The guy
declares his respect for soldiers and the veteran replies, “I don’t want you to
respect what I’ve been through. I
want you to be disgusted.” This
seems to be at least one overall goal of the book: to deglamorize war, to pull back the curtain and show the
physical, emotional and spiritual destruction that it reaps.
Unaccustomed Earth by Jhumpa Lahiri
From the writer of The Namesake and The Lowlands, this collection echoes similar themes of identity and
exile. The stories capture the
challenges of first generation Americans and their immigrant Bengali parents.
Ford County by John Grisham – a departure from his usual
legal procedural, this collection seems like Grisham’s slam dunk of his home
state of Mississippi. Many of the
characters represent the stereotypical deep Southerner of country western
songs: alcoholic, cheating, loose,
gambling, racist. Several of the stories are humorous and the book shows that
this writer is capable of work more literary than courtroom thrillers.
Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk by David Sedaris – I am a huge fan of Sedaris’
memoir-type stories and embarrass family members by laughing so hard when I
talk about them, I can hardly get the words out. He’s not to everyone’s taste, however. That said, these are stories
written like modern fables featuring animals who clearly represent people or
types of people. My favorite story
was about two flies who meet in a pool of vomit at the bus station and the one
fly goes on and on about her connections.
She has eaten the vomit and once the feces of the lieutenant governor’s
wife and sees herself as superior to the other fly as a result.
Honeydew by Edith Pearlman
An eclectic collection of
stories, many of which bear discussion in a book group. Pearlman creates interesting characters
and writes with an eye for detail.
Several of my favorite stories (“Puck” and “Assisted Living”) take place
in a thrift shop called Forget Me Not.
Pearlman explores the significance of objects to memory and the
importance of not letting love slip away.
“The Golden Swan” takes place on a cruise ship, providing a contrast
between the experiences of the pampered passengers above deck and the employees
below. “Wait and See” is an
imaginative story about a man who has pentachromatic eyesight, meaning that he
can see many more shades of color than the average person.
And finally, sitting on
my nightstand. . .
The State We’re In: Maine Stories by Ann Beattie (in the book group queue)
The Tsar of Love and Techno: Stories by Anthony Marra (author of A Constellation of Vital Phenomena)
Three Moments of Explosion: Stories by China Miéville (described as a “genre-subverting
novelist”)